ASSESSING THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF ETHNO-RELIGIOUS CONFLICT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA (2015–2025)

Abstract

Ethno-religious conflict has been a persistent challenge in Plateau State, Nigeria, thereby
affecting social cohesion, economic development and human security. The study examined the causes, consequences and coping mechanisms of ethno-religious conflicts between 2015 and 2025 with a focus on socio-economic development. The study adopted a qualitative research design to gain in-depth understanding of the lived experiences and perceptions of affected communities. A total of 48 participants were purposively selected to participate in six Focus Group Discussions comprising community leaders, religious leaders, youth, women groups and victims or internally displaced persons (IDPs) from conflict-affected areas. Data
was collected using a structured FGD guide and analyzed through thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and core themes related to conflict drivers, socio-economic impacts and peace building responses. The findings revealed that conflicts are rooted in ethnic and religious identities, resource competition, political manipulation and youth unemployment. Consequences include displacement, economic disruption, erosion of social cohesion and stalled development. Community-driven coping mechanisms and government interventions were found to be partially effective. The study recommended integrating
structural reforms, youth empowerment, interfaith dialogue and institutionalized peace mechanisms to achieve sustainable development and peace in Plateau State. The study contributes to theory by linking findings to Social Identity Theory, Horizontal Inequalities Theory, Structural Violence, and Conflict Transformation frameworks.