ETHICAL REFLECTIONS ON THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN EPISTEMIC EMPLOYMENT OF CRITICAL THINKING

Abstract

The swift incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into diverse fields has
generated substantial philosophical discussion concerning its influence on critical
thinking. This essay examines, from a philosophical standpoint, how AI affects
human cognitive functions, especially the ability to reason critically. By automating
decision-making, redefining intellectual autonomy, and influencing information
access, it investigates whether AI strengthens or weakens critical thinking, drawing
on theories of epistemology and cognitive philosophy. Although AI systems increase
productivity and offer extensive data processing capabilities, the study contends that
they also run the risk of encouraging cognitive complacency, reducing reflective
judgment, and reinforcing algorithmic biases. Conversely, by making it easier to
access a variety of viewpoints and enabling sophisticated problem-solving, AI can be
used as a tool to improve critical thinking. This ethical reflection highlights the
necessity of ethical AI design and pedagogical strategies to ensure AI supports,
rather than replaces, robust critical thinking in human cognition through a synthesis
of philosophical frameworks, including Dewey's reflective thinking and Kantian
notions of rationality.