Design and Optimization of a Wideband 28 GHz Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 for 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications

Abstract

This paper presents the design and simulation of a microstrip antenna operating at 28GHz for 5G communication
applications. The antenna was designed and optimized in CST studio, with Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 chosen as the
substrate material and a 1.575mm thickness, using the Transmission Line Model (TLM), the patch and feedline
dimensions were calculated before optimization. The simulation results demonstrated superior performance,
achieving a return loss of -55.37 dB, a wide bandwidth of 4.465 GHz, a VSWR of 1.003, and the highest gain of
7.82 dBi. The antenna exhibited a narrow beamwidth of 33.8° with high directivity of 9.13 dBi, though with a
slightly reduced efficiency of 73.9%, which remains within the acceptable operational range. Compared with
existing designs in the literature, the proposed antenna demonstrated significant improvements in impedance
matching, bandwidth, and gain, making it very suitable for high-speed 5G applications, where wide bandwidth
and high gain are required.