An Architectural Framework for the Heterogeneous Utilisation of Web 3.0 and IoT Enablement

Abstract

The rapid proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) has generated massive volumes of heterogeneous data, yet its full potential is constrained by centralized architectures that introduce critical vulnerabilities in security, privacy, and interoperability. This paper proposes an architectural framework for the Heterogeneous Utilisation of Web 3.0 and IoT Enablement to address these limitations. The framework integrates a suite of Web 3.0 technologies specifically Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) for device identity, the Inter-Planetary File System (IPFS) for decentralized data storage, and smart contracts for autonomous coordination to manage the complexity of a Heterogeneous IoT (HetIoT) environment. In details; the implementation of a Decentralized Identity and Access Management (DIAM) system and a hybrid on-chain/off-chain data management model. Empirical validation demonstrates that the proposed Web 3.0 enabled HetIoT framework significantly improves performance, achieving a sustained transaction throughput of 450 TPS a 200% improvement over the singleblockchain baseline (150 TPS). Furthermore, the framework reduces data access latency for large payloads while maintaining a minimal security overhead of less than 50ms for identity resolution and access verification, providing a robust, tamper-proof security and privacy layer.