Influence of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid on Concrete Exposed to Magnesium Sulphate Environment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13237327Keywords:
CNSL admixture, magnesium sulphate, physicochemical characteristics, anarchardic acid, cadol, cadanolAbstract
Concrete is negatively impacted by magnesium sulphate attack because it expands and cracks. The purpose of this research is to investigate how concrete's resistance to magnesium sulphate is affected by cashew nut shell liquid. The functional groups of the material were identified using FTIR, and the liquid's suitability as an admixture was also determined by analysing its physicochemical characteristics. A design mix of 1:2.11:3.58, was adopted for this study. The concrete samples were made with CNSL doses of 0%, 0.6%, 1.2%, and 1.8% relative to the weight of cement. Concrete cubes with a 50 mm by 50 mm mould were cast, and they were left to cure in water for 28 and 90, days. Following 28 and 90 days of maturation in water, they were taken out, weighed, and then allowed to cure for 7, 21, 35, and 56 days in a 20% magnesium sulphate medium. The results of weight loss showed that for 28 days curing before exposure, CNSL concrete samples loss less weights than the control sample, with an optimum value of +0.51% at 1.2% dose of CNSL, at 35 days of curing age. The results of 90 days curing before exposure showed a gain in weights of all the sample, with an optimum value of -1.55%, at 1.8% dose of CNSL, at 7 days of exposure. The results of residual compressive strength showed that, at 28 days of curing before exposure in magnesium sulphate medium, control samples recorded a loss in compressive strength, likewise CNSL samples at 7- and 21-days curing; while CNSL samples at 35 and 56 days of curing age, obtained a gain in compressive strength. An optimum value of gain in compressive strength of -44.61% at 1.2% dose of CNSL at 35 days of exposure; and loss in compressive strength of +6.78% at 1.2% dose of CNSL at 35 days of exposure, for 28 and 90 days curing respectively. It can be inferred that, the CNSL influenced the mass loss/gain and residual compressive strength of concrete samples, hence better performance in the magnesium sulphate medium, when compared to the reference samples. This is attributed to the influence of anarchardic acid, cadol and cadanol interaction with Ca (OH)2 in cement in the course of hydration, which leads to the formation of insoluble calcium stearate, thereby improving the performance of the CNSL concrete samples in magnesium sulphate medium.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Joseph Danjuma Goh, Fredrick O. Job, Audu I. I. DAKAS
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