Review on Green Landscape Elements in the Urban Thermal Environment

Abstract

Recent expansion of the urban populace has given rise to an increase in impermeable surfaces, such as roads and constructed buildings, which hinder the passage of water which influence rise of air temperatures urban heat island which has a direct impact both indoors and outdoors, comfort and the overall health of the residents. This contribute to significant demand for artificial cooling in cities within tropical climates, which in turn leads to higher levels of carbon emissions. Consequently, scholars are now focusing their attention on improving the microclimate within urban areas and reducing the effects of the urban heat. This systematic review is focused on delivering a comprehensive evaluation of the interventions implemented through the utilization of green landscape elements within the urban thermal environment in tropical climatic areas. A thorough analysis of vegetation's role in regulating air temperature is presented, along with suggestions for maintaining urban people's thermal comfort. When vegetation is used effectively in tropical cities, air temperatures can be lowered by up to 4°C with green roofs, 9°C with trees, and 12°C with vertical greening systems. Urban greeneries must be implemented for communities and cities to become sustainable through the ideal fusion of green landscape components. Additionally, the current study will benefit architects and urban planners who are implementing similar green landscape interventions to enhance thermal comfort, reduce carbon emissions, and ultimately improve productivity and wellbeing of residents.