Challenges of Effective Children National Immunization Programme in Oko-ogba Community, Edo State, Nigeria

Abstract

Childhood immunization is crucial for protecting children from debilitating and life threatening diseases. Despite its safety and efcacy, many barriers hinder full vaccination as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Globally, millions of infants miss basic vaccinations, with about 64% of Nigerian children inadequately immunized. This paper examines the challenges of the national immunization program in Oko-Ogba community, Edo State, Nigeria; it also examined barriers like parental knowledge, income, belief system, sex and age of the child, and distance to health centers. Employing the health belief model, the study utilized a cross-sectional design with 364 participants, determined by Krejcie and Morgan's formula. Participants – women/caregivers in Oko Ogba for at least six months, were sampled using convenient and simple random sampling for qualitative and quantitative research, respectively. Data collection involved semi structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Pilot testing ensured questionnaire reliability. Analysis included descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The study identied various hurdles preventing full immunization in the study area, stressing the need of coverage for child survival. Recommendations include improved planning, funding, training, and community involvement to enhance accessibility and quality of services at health facilities, ultimately increasing population willingness to seek immunization.