National Security and Crime Prevention in Nigeria: Leveraging Soft Power and Soft Policing

Abstract

National security and crime prevention are pivotal towards achieving national stability, development and security. Conventional use of hard power approaches, such as military force (hard power) and strict policing were the norm in national security and policing. However, the increasing complexity of security threats in the 21st century has necessitated the integration of soft power and soft policing strategies. Through a critical review of existing literature, this study aims to contribute to the development of a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of national security and crime prevention, highlighting the potential benefits and limitations of soft power and soft policing approaches in addressing contemporary security challenges in Nigeria. The Broken Windows and Collective Governance theories were adopted to explain the ripple effect of crimes on national security, and how the infusion of soft power and soft policing would help improve national security and crime prevention. The paper concludes that by moving beyond traditional hard power approaches, soft power and soft policing tools, such as cultural diplomacy, quick impact projects, economic development, and social engagement, can be leveraged to prevent crime and promote national security. Consequently, the paper recommends an increased investment in community programmes, enhanced trust-building initiatives by the government and relevant security agencies, increased public participation in crime prevention, strategic media coverage and communication, and continuous evaluation and adoption of strategies fit for a given area.